ALTERAÇÕES DA MARCHA HUMANA EM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

The aging process directly affects gait, a motor function essential for the functional independence of older adults. Physiological, biomechanical, and sensory changes result in instability, reduced speed, and an increased risk of falls. This study aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the main physiological and biomechanical aspects of human gait in the elderly, the age-related alterations, and applicable physical therapy strategies for rehabilitation. The methodology adopted was an integrative literature review, with searches conducted in the databases Google Scholar, SciELO, and PubMed, covering the period from 2003 to 2024, including articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The analyzed studies indicate that gait in older adults is characterized by reduced speed, shorter step length, increased double-support time, and asymmetry in locomotion, often associated with sarcopenia, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairment. Interventions such as treadmill gait training, dual-task exercises, muscle strengthening, and the use of digital technologies have proven effective in improving mobility and preventing falls. It is concluded that evidence-based physical therapy practice is essential to promote functionality, prevent disability, and ensure active and safe aging. The expansion of clinical studies to validate specific gait rehabilitation protocols is recommended.