DIABETES GESTACIONAL: COMPLICAÇÕES MATERNO-FETAIS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO CLÍNICO

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a clinical condition characterized by glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy, and it represents a significant risk factor for both maternal and fetal complications. This article aims to review the recent scientific literature regarding the main consequences of GDM on maternal and fetal health and to discuss evidence-based clinical management strategies. The study found that GDM is associated with a higher incidence of gestational hypertension, macrosomia, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and increased risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. Treatment should preferably begin with nonpharmacological interventions, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and glycemic selfmonitoring. Insulin therapy is indicated when glycemic levels remain uncontrolled, and metformin may be considered in selected cases. The importance of multidisciplinary care during pregnancy and the postpartum period is also highlighted, aiming to prevent complications and promote long-term health. Addressing GDM requires a comprehensive, continuous, and humanized approach focused on reducing perinatal risks.