Development of the Japanese version of the healthy selfishness and pathological altruism scale

This study developed the Japanese version of the Healthy Selfishness and Pathological Altruism (J-HSPA) scale and examined its reliability and validity. We conducted two online surveys on 665 people ( N 1 = 325, N 2 = 340). The results indicated that the J-HSPA exhibits a two-factor structure that consists of healthy selfishness and pathological altruism. The J-HSPA has high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Moreover, we examined the validity of the J-HSPA in relation to multiple variables. The results demonstrated that healthy selfishness was positively associated with adaptive psychological functions, such as life satisfaction and self-esteem, but pathological altruism was not associated with them. Healthy selfishness was negatively correlated with maladaptive psychological functions, such as depression, while pathological altruism was positively correlated with them. These results generally supported the reliability and validity of the J-HSPA.