Efficacy of NDA-Plus in accelerating healing of endoscopic submucosal dissection induced ulcers : an <i>in vivo</i> study using porcine models

Background: Preventive methods for post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ulcer complications have not been well established.The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of NDA-Plus in promoting the healing of ESD-induced ulcers.Materials and Methods: ESD was performed on the esophagus, stomach, and colon of two male pigs.Immediately after the procedure, NDA-Plus was applied to the ulcers in one pig, whereas the other served as a control without NDA-Plus application.After two weeks, endoscopic and gross improvements were qualitatively compared, followed by histological examination post-mortem to assess healing differences.Additionally, the safety of NDA-Plus was evaluated.Results: In the pig treated with NDA-Plus, endoscopic examination post-ESD showed fewer clots in the esophagus, less redness in the stomach, and fewer clots and visible vessels in the colon.Histologically, untreated pigs exhibited higher inflammatory cell density in the stomach and esophagus, and more fat tissue was observed in the colon. Conclusion:The use of NDA-Plus in post-ESD ulcers in a pig showed qualitative improvements in endoscopic and histological findings compared with that not treated with NDA-Plus, with no adverse events attributable to the treatment itself.