Supply Chain Mapping for High Risk Environment: Industry 4.0 and the Quest for Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains

ABSTRACT Amidst an increasingly volatile and competitive global landscape, compounded by political instability, supply chains are under growing pressure to effectively manage risks while advancing sustainable development goals. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is increasingly recognized as a pivotal force in enhancing supply chain resilience by mitigating risks and fostering sustainable performance. However, specific mechanisms through which I4.0 capabilities facilitate improvements in resilience and sustainability are not thoroughly examined. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, this study investigates the transformative impact of I4.0 capabilities on supply chain mapping, resilience, and sustainable performance. This study specifically examines how mapping and resilience sequentially mediate the relationship between I4.0 capabilities and sustainable supply chain performance. Data collected from Malaysian manufacturing firms through a comprehensive closed‐ended questionnaire is analyzed using PLS‐SEM. The findings highlight the direct and indirect roles of I4.0 in improving sustainable performance, providing insights for enhancing resilience and ensuring sustainable development.