Research Progress on the Disaster Causing Mechanism of Forest Fires due to the Coupling of Multiple Factors

As a global high-frequency natural disaster, the occurrence and spread of forest fires are the results of the complex coupling of multiple elements such as meteorological conditions, vegetation characteristics, topography and geomorphology, human activities, and the distribution of fire sources. With the increasing intensification of global climate change and the strengthening of human activity interference, the frequency and combustion intensity of forest fires have significantly increased. An in-depth exploration of the disaster causing mechanism of the coupling of multiple factors has become the core scientific proposition for solving the difficult problem of fire prevention and control. In recent years, under the dual influence of climate change and human interference, the frequency and intensity of forest fires have increased significantly, and the disaster causing mechanism of the coupling of multiple factors has become a key issue in fire prevention and control. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the disaster causing mechanism of the coupling of multiple factors in forest fires, with a focus on discussing the dynamic interaction between multiple factors and the coupling-induced disasters, reflecting the profound impact of this interaction on the occurrence and development of fires. At the same time, it analyzes the influence mechanism of topographic factors (slope, aspect, altitude, etc.) on fire behavior and elaborates the propagation characteristics of fires under different topographic conditions. In addition, it studies the indirect driving role of human activities (land use, fire source management, etc.) in the occurrence of fires and clarifies the important contribution of human activities to fire risks. It also summarizes the application of multi-source data fusion and model simulation in fire risk prediction and evaluates the advantages of these technologies in improving prediction accuracy. Finally, it is pointed out that in the future, it is necessary to strengthen the coupling analysis of multiple scales and multiple processes and develop high-precision dynamic early warning technologies to achieve precise prevention and control of forest fires and provide stronger theoretical support for ecological protection.