Environmental Impact and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs in Typical Industries in Jiaozuo City

To investigate the emission characteristics and environmental impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from typical industries in Jiaozuo City, samples were collected from seven categories of industrial enterprises. The results revealed that plastic products and packaging and printing industries exhibited similar VOC emission profiles, dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) with contribution rates exceeding 90.00%. Industrial coating emissions were primarily composed of aromatic hydrocarbons (74.60%), followed by OVOCs (21.27%). The food manufacturing industry emitted VOCs dominated by OVOCs (41.93%), halogenated hydrocarbons (28.57%), and alkanes (17.55%), while the chemical industry showed significant contributions from OVOCs (39.40%) and alkanes (33.33%). The pharmaceutical industry was characterized by alkanes (79.55%), and shoe manufacturing emissions were dominated by OVOCs (60.94%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (29.92%). Calculations of ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol production potential (SOAP) identified key contributing species: OVOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons were major contributors to OFP from organized VOC emissions, while aromatic hydrocarbons dominated SOA formation. Comprehensive analysis highlighted packaging and printing, industrial coating, and shoe manufacturing as priority control sectors for Jiaozuo City, with industrial coating requiring the most urgent intervention. Health risk assessments indicated no carcinogenic risks across industries, but non-carcinogenic risks were identified for industrial coating and packaging and printing, primarily associated with elevated hazard indices (HI) from m/p-xylene and o-xylene.