Active passive control and discharge concentration analysis of inter particle spacing radius of nanofluid: Ratio of momentum to thermal diffusivities

This research introduces a novel investigation of the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of copper nanoparticles with larger radii and increasing interparticle spacing under varying ratios of momentum to thermal diffusivities. Such conditions capture the combined effects of nanoparticle size and spacing because they influence pollutant discharge analysis like wastewater treatment and industrial pollutant mitigation. This study investigates the thermal and mass transport in a cross-fluid model under the influence of Rayleigh-Benard convention. This study emphasizes pollutant discharge effects and diffusivity ratio variations with unique concept of active and passive control mechanism. Furthermore, present analysis incorporates inter-particle spacing and the influence of larger nanoparticle radii concept for heat and mass transfer efficiency. Velocity is controlled through inclined magnetic fields and thermal transport scrutinized through exponential heat radiation effect. The formulated system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is further transferred into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity tools. Obtained ODEs are passed under bvp4c scheme to get initial solution and artificial neural network scheme named as Levenberg Marquardt neural network (LMNN) is utilized to predict the solution. With higher flow index behavior, the velocity of nanofluid increasing for shrinking case with smaller particle spacing , it increases for larger particle spacing , while on the other hand, for stretching case , it increases with smaller particle spacing and it decreases for larger particle spacing . For higher local pollutant source parameter and external pollutant source parameter, the concentration of nanofluid decreases for active control and increases for passive control.