Current review for biological control of six common environmental mycotoxins

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are the 6 most common environmental mycotoxins that are widely present in food and feeds. It not only causes huge economic losses to animal husbandry, but also seriously threatens human health. Therefore, mycotoxin control has always been a challenge. A large body of literatures show that physical and chemical methods including adsorbents and radiation irradiation can adsorb or destroy the molecular structure of toxins to reduce the concentration of mycotoxins. However, they can also destroy nutrients in food or be dangerous for human consumption and can cause secondary contamination. Biodegradation methods based on microorganisms, enzymes and plant extracts can reduce the harm of mycotoxins by affecting the molecular structure of toxins or inhibiting oxidative stress. Due to its advantages of environmental protection and high efficiency, it has gradually become an important direction of biological control research. However, the specific biological regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In this paper, the application and degradation mechanism of biodetoxification methods including biological prevention, biological absorption, biological transformation and biological therapy in mycotoxin contamination are reviewed. This article systematically summarizes the substrate specificity, environmental adaptability and degradation efficiency characteristics of different biodetoxification methods based on the in-depth analysis of microbial absorption, degradation, enzyme-catalyzed transformation and metabolic detoxification. This review can provide theoretical basis for further research in this field and provide reference for the prevention and control of food and feed pollution.