Assessment of ecological and landscape services in urban green spaces in South China Karst

The assessment of urban green space (UGS) ecological and landscape services includes two aspects of ecological environment and landscape perception, which are crucial to sustainable development. Based on the three-dimensional Karst UGS environment, this study evaluates UGS ecological and landscape services using the index evaluation system with multi-dimensional attributes and the TOPSIS method. The results shows that: (1) the distribution of Karst UGS ecosystem service generally shows a “high in the east and low in the west” pattern, while the landscape perception service shows nonlinear; (2) SC has the highest weight, accounting for 20.89%; (3) the proportion of low-quality UGS was 89.63%; and (4) there is significant correlation between ecological benefit indicators. GSA has a significant correlation with the other seven indicators. This evaluation of UGS in South China Karst from ecological, residential, and social perspectives offers insights for global Karst urban management.