Eco-Friendly Strategies for Pesticide Removal: Biotechnological and Microbial Approaches

Population growth was very rapid and triggered significant advancements in both the industrial and agricultural sectors, leading to increased production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The over-utilization of chemical compounds greatly accelerated several environmental pollution problems that were highly harmful to both local ecosystems and human health. Therefore, this justified the study of the environmental fate and transport of pesticides, their effects on human health, and an overview of enzymatic decomposition as a biological means for pesticide removal. More specifically, the study focused on potential agents such as carboxylesterases and hydrolases, examining their mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages in bioremediation applications. It discussed the environmental fate and transport of pesticides and their impact on human health. The subsequent sections addressed enzymatic degradation, with a focus on carboxylesterases and hydrolases, presenting their mechanisms along with the benefits and limitations of applying them in bioremediation. The article also examined future prospects for enzyme reactions in bioremediation and purification processes. Bioremediation was identified as a highly promising method for remediating pesticide-contaminated soil. Microorganisms removed the compounds from the environment. Among various remediation approaches, enzymatic breakdown of biocides emerged as a particularly promising method for treating biodegradable pollutants by breaking down persistent chemical compounds and eliminating waste materials through enzymatic reactions. This method demonstrated the ability to degrade most organic pollutants and was shown to be both feasible and eco-friendly, with considerable potential for treating other types of organic contamination.