Assessing Criteria for Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Malaysia: Analytic Hierarchy Process and Content Validity Index Analysis

Integrating electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) with renewable energy sources (RES) further enhances these advantages, addressing range anxiety among EV users. Allocating suitable locations for Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) is crucial in Malaysia to optimize their utility and accessibility. This study employs a dual methodology combining the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to validate instruments and analyze expert judgment. Through a comprehensive literature review and need analysis, the study identifies and validates main criteria and sub-criteria influencing the placement of PEVCS in Malaysia. The CVI is used to develop an AHP questionnaire, ensuring the robustness of the instrument. The findings reveal six main criteria and twelve sub-criteria crucial for determining ideal PEVCS locations. Economic factors emerge as the most influential main criterion, with construction costs ranking highest among sub-criteria. Utilizing AHP calculations, these criteria weights are integrated into GIS modelling using ArcGIS software to identify optimal PEVCS locations. This study offers significant advantages to industry leaders, policymakers, and stakeholders in effectively allocating suitable locations for PEVCS in Malaysia. By enhancing environmental sustainability and addressing logistical challenges, this approach contributes to the advancement of EV infrastructure and adoption in Malaysia.