Effectiveness of the Implementation of PERMENKUMHAM No. 18 of 2022 and Government Regulation No. 45/2024 in Strengthening Economic Resilience Through Passport Policy Reform

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 18 of 2022 and Government Regulation No. 45/2024 in strengthening economic resilience through passport policy reform at the Central Jakarta Class I Non TPI Immigration Office. State revenue comes from three sources, namely tax revenue, non-tax state revenue and grant revenue where non-tax state revenue contributes 20.4% of total state revenue. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis to describe and analyze existing data. Based on the financial report data of the Central Jakarta Class I Non TPI Immigration Office, the results show that the policy has a positive impact on strengthening economic resilience, which is reflected in the increase in average revenue per passport application transaction for two consecutive years (2023 and 2024). Although the number of transactions decreased by 10.52%, the average non-tax state revenue per transaction increased by 10.99% compared to the previous year. The use of service digitization such as the M-Passport application increased accessibility and public satisfaction by 96.70%. However, challenges in infrastructure adaptation and digital divide for applicants are still an obstacle. Therefore, the strategy of strengthening economic resilience needs to be supported by digital services, increasing human resource capacity, and continuous monitoring are strategic steps to ensure optimal policy effectiveness. Reforming the passport validity period to 10 years is in line with international practice, reflecting increased efficiency for passport applicants and supporting the credibility of the policies that have been implemented.