Management and Outcomes of Chylothorax: A Case Series

Chylothorax is a rare condition that is often over looked by pulmonologists due to its varied clinical presentations. It involves the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity, which can be due to many causes. The presentation of chylothorax may not always adhere to the classic textbook description, making it essential for clinicians to maintain a high level of suspicion for early detection and appropriate treatment. This case series includes 10 patients diagnosed with chylothorax, each with a different underlying cause. We conducted comprehensive clinical assessments, including imaging studies along with diagnostic procedures like pleural fluid analysis and lymphangiography, to identify the causes of the condition. Treatment plans were individualized according to the specific etiology of each case. The findings from this case series illustrate the wide spectrum of potential causes of chylothorax, which include both traumatic and non-traumatic factors. Traumatic causes, such as those following thoracic surgery, and non-traumatic causes, particularly malignancies like lymphoma, lung cancer and even infective causes like Tuberculosis were identified. The clinical presentations varied greatly among patients, underscoring the necessity of considering chylothorax even when the presentation deviates from typical signs. Diagnosis relied on pleural fluid analysis and various other imaging modalities. Early diagnosis, a thorough workup, and prompt treatment tailored to the underlying cause are essential for effective management.