Care of Children with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare pediatric pathology characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and requiring specific management. Goals: Report the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary and prognostic chronic myeloid leukemia in children. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, conducted over 10 years, describes the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of CML in children. Imatinib remains the standard treatment, but long-term monitoring is essential to optimize management and limit complications. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary characteristics of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children, while comparing the results obtained with data from the literature. Discussion-Conclusion: Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare blood disease with specific features compared to the adult form, including male predominance, early onset, and often marked splenomegaly. Biologically, hyperleukocytosis is common, associated with significant myelemia and the systematic presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and the BCR-ABL1 transcript. The standard treatment remains imatinib, with a good initial clinical response, although the molecular response may be slower than in adults. In case of resistance or intolerance, second-generation TKIs may be indicated. Long-term follow-up is essential, due to potential side effects such as slowed growth and endocrine disorders. Finally, although therapeutic discontinuation strategies are being explored in adults, they require great caution in children.