Advances in Endovascular Treatment for Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities

静脉血栓栓塞是全球重大公共卫生问题之一，下肢深静脉血栓形成是静脉血栓栓塞的主要表现，发病率在逐年上升。抗凝治疗是下肢深静脉血栓形成的基础治疗方案，但具有一定的局限性。腔内治疗因其创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切等优点在临床得以广泛应用。本文综述了近年来下肢深静脉血栓形成的腔内治疗进展，包括导管溶栓治疗、下腔静脉滤器植入术、人工抽吸血栓清除术、经皮机械血栓清除术以及多种介入治疗的联合应用，分析了各治疗方法的特点、优势及不足，以期为下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床治疗决策提供一定的理论依据。Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant global public health challenge. Lower extremities deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) represents the predominant manifestation of VTE, with its incidence demonstrating a progressive annual increase. While anticoagulation therapy remains the cornerstone treatment for DVT, it exhibits inherent therapeutic limitations. Endovascular interventions have gained widespread clinical adoption owing to their advantages of minimal invasiveness, rapid recovery, and well-established therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in endovascular management of DVT, encompassing catheter-directed thrombolysis, inferior vena cava filter placement, manual aspiration thrombectomy, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, and combined interventional strategies. Through systematic analysis of technical characteristics, clinical merits, and procedural constraints associated with each modality, this synthesis aims to establish an evidence-based framework to inform optimal clinical decision-making for DVT management.