Two Distinctly Different Characteristics of Flare-driven Coronal Rain Revealed from High-resolution Spectroscopic Imaging Observations with FISS/GST

Abstract We report on a flare-driven coronal rain event observed along postflare loops during the decay phase of an X1.6-class solar flare. Although high-resolution studies of flare-driven coronal rain have been conducted, imaging spectroscopic studies are rare due to observational difficulties. Our observation taken with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph, installed at the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope of the Big Bear Solar Observatory, provided unprecedented high-resolution spectroscopic imaging data of coronal rain in the H α and Ca ii 854.2 nm lines. We identify two locations along postflare loops with rain displaying distinctly different thermal properties, different Doppler velocities, and different patterns of acceleration and deceleration. We also observed intense brightening at one footpoint of coronal rain, where the spectroscopic analysis reveals an energy conversion process resulting in significant localized chromospheric heating. We thoroughly investigate the footpoint brightening Doppler velocities and compare their spectral line profiles to typical flare-ribbon line profiles. We estimate the spatial scale of the fine structure of the coronal rain and the footpoint brightening. Our results provide important insights into the dynamic and thermal properties of flare-driven coronal rain and the related chromospheric response, which will help validate the flare-driven modeling of coronal rain.