Gaze behavior and decision-making among handball referees: exploring gender and expertise differences

The findings indicate that differences in decision-making accuracy among handball referees are likely influenced by factors such as experience and cognitive processing rather than gaze behavior. The absence of gender differences in gaze patterns challenges prior research suggesting systematic visual search disparities. Future studies in real-game settings are needed to explore the impact of physical and psychological demands on referees' performance, providing practical insights for training programs.