3D Printed Electrochemical Biometric Bracelet for Smartwatches

Smartwatches are the most popular wearable devices, providing wearers with the ability to self-monitor their physical parameters. Here, we broaden the health monitoring features of smartwatches from hemodynamic to biochemical e-tracking, through their integration with a 3D printed electrochemical multi-sensory bracelet, which enables noninvasive monitoring of multiple sweat bioindicators. The bio-bracelet is entirely fabricated via 3D printing and consists of an array of six carbon black plastic electrodes embedded in the inner side of a flexible plastic strip that is attached to a smartwatch. The bio-bracelet connects to a mini potentiostat that is directly linked to a smartphone, allowing the capture of bioindicator responses via a mobile app. As a proof-of-concept the bio-bracelet is applied for the enzymatic-based chronoamperometric sequential detection of glucose, alcohol, lactate, and simultaneous voltammetric monitoring of uric acid and caffeine in sweat.