Continuous Laser Removal of EVA Adhesive from Photovoltaic Panels—Laser Irradiation of Photovoltaic Panels Dislodges EVA Adhesive Layer

本文研究了连续激光清除光伏板乙烯–醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)胶层的机理与工艺优化。通过分析激光与材料的热力学相互作用，揭示了振动效应(热应力导致胶层剥离)和烧蚀效应(胶层气化)的协同作用机制。基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件，建立了包含EVA胶层和铝电极基底的热–力耦合模型，仿真表明激光功率密度为2.8577 × 10⁵ W/m2 (9.09 W)时，基底温度低于573.15 K (铝形变阈值)，应力峰值为26 Pa，可有效避免基底损伤。实验验证显示，随功率从9.09 W增至15.97 W，EVA胶层清除面积扩大，但铝电极因氧化和热应力产生裂纹，光电转换效率下降最高达7.05%。当功率超过11.55 W (基底温度536.17 K)时，热影响区扩散至导电铜带，导致不可逆性能损失。最终确定9.09 W为最优参数，可在0.6秒内实现胶层高效剥离，基底损伤率低于0.1%。研究表明，连续激光技术需严格控制能量密度与作用时间，以平衡清除效率与光伏组件完整性，为光伏板绿色回收提供了理论依据与工艺参考。In this study, the removal effect of EVA adhesive layer from solar panels is systematically investigated by continuous laser and nanosecond pulsed laser, and the effects of different laser energies on the removal efficiency of EVA adhesive layer are evaluated by a combination of simulation and experiment. Through COMSOL finite element simulation, the temperature field and stress field changes of continuous lasers at different powers are analyzed, revealing the thermal stress mechanism under the action of continuous lasers and its potential impact on the substrate. The experimental results show that the continuous laser with a power of 9.09 W can effectively remove the EVA adhesive layer and cause less damage to the photovoltaic panel. In addition, the damage degree of different lasers is compared, and it is found that the continuous laser is slightly higher than the nanosecond pulsed laser in terms of damage to the panels, but has a better removal efficiency. Finally, combining simulation and experimental data, this study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for optimizing the laser cleaning technology.