When Machines Think, What Is the Purpose of Human Labor?—The Challenge and Reflection of Artificial Intelligence under Marx’s Theory of Alienated Labor

本文以马克思异化劳动理论为视角，探讨人工智能时代人类劳动面临的挑战与反思。文章首先阐述了马克思异化劳动理论的核心概念，包括劳动异化的定义、表现形式及其对劳动者的影响。随后，分析了人工智能的发展现状及其对劳动领域的深远影响。在此基础上，深入探讨了人工智能背景下劳动异化的新特征，包括劳动过程的去技能化、劳动成果的虚拟化以及人际关系的异化。最后，文章提出了应对人工智能时代劳动异化的策略，包括重塑劳动价值观念、构建新型劳动关系以及完善社会保障体系。研究表明，在人工智能快速发展的背景下，我们需要重新审视劳动的本质和价值，以应对技术变革带来的挑战，实现人的全面发展。From the perspective of Marx’s alienated labor theory, this paper discusses the challenges and reflections of human labor in the era of artificial intelligence. This paper first expounds on the core concept of Marx’s theory of alienated labor, including the definition and expression of the form of labor alienation and its influence on laborers. Subsequently, the development status of artificial intelligence and its profound influence on the field of labor are analyzed. On this basis, the new characteristics of labor alienation in the background of artificial intelligence are deeply discussed, including the deskill of labor process, the virtualization of labor results and the alienation of interpersonal relationships. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategies to deal with the alienation of labor in the era of artificial intelligence, including reshaping the concept of labor values, constructing new labor relations and improving the social security system. Research shows that in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence, we need to re-examine the nature and value of labor so as to cope with the challenges brought about by technological change and realize the all-round development of human beings.