Characterisation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of products from pyrolysis of municipal solid waste using a fixed-bed reactor

A comprehensive understanding of the properties of pyrolysis oil made from municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for advancement in pyrolysis technology research.Optimizing bio-oil production conditions effectively necessitates a thorough analysis of the resulting product composition.This study aims to assess the potential of converting MSW into pyrolytic oil through the pyrolysis process.MSW samples were collected from the Urta Chirchik landfill in the Tashkent region and utilized as the primary feedstock.Proximate and elemental analyses were utilized for studying at the MSW's physical and chemical characteristics.The findings revealed that the moisture content of the MSW was 13.05 wt% (dry basis), volatile matter (VM) was 51.64 wt%, ash content was 30.53 wt%, and fixed carbon (FC) content was 4.78 wt%.The ultimate (chemical) analysis was conducted using CHS and XRF fluorescence analyzers, and found the following results: 39.81% carbon (C) content, 23.92% hydrogen (H 2 ), 0.27% Sulphur (S), 0.84% nitrogen (N 2 ), 44% oxygen (O 2 ), and 38.79 MJ/kg of higher heat value (HHV).The MSW mixture was pyrolyzed in a vertical batch-type reactor at temperatures and time ranging from 200 to 600 C and 20 to 60 minutes.The thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated three primary products: a liquid fraction (pyrolytic oil), solid residue (char), and a gaseous mixture.The study demonstrated that the composition of the pyrolytic oil was significantly influenced by changes in both pyrolysis temperature and processing duration.The pyrolytic liquid was further refined (purified) using a distillation apparatus.The upgraded oil obtained from this process was then analyzed for its composition and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The GC-MS analysis identified approximately 28 major chemical compounds in the oil derived from the MSW mixture.The most abundant components identified were ethanone and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, followed by benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl; 1-undecene; 3-dodecene; benzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene; and 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexene.The energy value analysis results showed that upgraded pyrolytic oil's HHV is increased (40.6 MJ/kg).The findings emphasize the potential of pyrolysis as an effective approach for transforming MSW into valuable oil-based resources.The characterization of these compounds using GC-MS techniques gives useful information for further optimizing and utilizing MSW-derived pyrolysis oils.