Assessing Supply Chain Resilience in Pandemics: Building a Three-Dimensional Haddon Matrix

This study offers a modified three-dimensional Haddon Matrix to assess intervention and coping strategies adopted by various organizations for the preparation, response and recovery phases of the COVID-19-related supply chain disruptions. Evidence is gathered from available qualitative information sources concerning the current COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 35 academic and non-academic sources were used for data analysis. These sources were analyzed to assess the interventions that are reported as being useful in the pandemic context for different supply chain networks. The analysis reports a current list of interventions and strategies corresponding to the three dimensions of the modified Haddon Matrix; (i) disaster phase (pre-event, response, and post-event), (ii) factors/actors involved in the disaster (supply chains, risk events, physical environment, and socio-cultural environment), and (iii) resilience components of agility, adaptability, and alignment. Overall, the findings showed that effective communication along the supply chain, pre-event risk management, strong relationships and higher coordination within the wider network community all play key roles in enhancing the overall resilience of supply chains against pandemics. This study proposes a third dimension (resilience components) to the extant Haddon Matrix and is hence, somewhat unique. This modified matrix offers managers and researchers a new tool to aid in a more thorough analysis and a deeper understanding of supply chain resilience. Piloting the modified matrix, this study also assesses reported intervention strategies thus helping supply chain managers to prepare, respond, and recover from disruptions caused by pandemics.