Response of Wistar Albino Rats to Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, and Piroxicam Administration on Full Blood Count.

The perception of pain is complex, involving multiple pathways that generate and transmit nociceptive signals, which includes the perception and regulation of pain-inducing stimuli. Aim: This study aims to clarify the effects of ibuprofen, piroxicam, and diclofenac on the full blood count using Wistar albino rats as the experimental model. The study was conducted at the Rivers State University Animal House in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional design with 40 Albino Wistar rats that were given different doses of 400 mg of Ibuprofen, 400 mg of Diclofenac, and 20 mg of Piroxicam. The rats were divided into eight groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, and G8), each of which had five rats weighing between 80 and 100g. Lighter rats who were given a single drug, while heavier rats were given a cocktail of drugs. Chloroform anesthesia made it easier to draw blood through cardiac puncture, and the Mindray URIT-2900 Vet Plus Automated Hematology Analyzer was used to assess the complete blood count. Significant differences were found between the experimental groups according to statistical analysis conducted with SPSS version 27 and a significance level set at p≤0.05. Interestingly, a significant effect was demonstrated by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) P-value of ≥0.008. On the other hand, metrics like mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and red blood cell count (RBC) produced non-significant results (P-values greater than 0.05). The study expanded its analysis to include platelet-related metrics, including platelet-large cell ratio (P_LCR), plateletlarge cell count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and platelet-large cell count. These studies provide a thorough understanding of the hematological effects of the drugs that are delivered. The weight of the control Wister rats increased statistically substantially at p<0.01, whereas the weight of the G2 (DI), G5 (DI&IBU), G7 (IBU&PIR), and G8 (DI, IBU&PIR) Wister rats decreased statistically considerably at p<0.01, p<0.04, and p<0.001 rats, respectively. White cell indices (p<0.390, p<0.515, p<0.634) did not reach statistical significance. MCV, MCHC, RDW_SD, and HCT were among the red cell indices that showed statistically significant differences (p<0.008, p<0.001, p<0.002, p<0.018). The platelet indices (p<0.745, p<0.453, and p<0.705) did not reach statistical significance. According to the study, piroxicam, diclofenac, and ibuprofen considerably alter the morphology of red and white blood cells as well as the presence of platelets. These changes may have an impact on immunological response, oxygen transport, and clotting mechanisms. Erythrocyte changes brought on by combinations may result in immunological dysfunction, bleeding issues, and anemia. To fully comprehend these impacts, more research is required.