Assessing Occupational Health Hazards in Traditional Agricultural Practices: A Study among Rural Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria

This study aims to assess occupational health hazards among rural farmers engaged in traditional agricultural practices in Cross River State, Nigeria. With agriculture being a vital aspect of rural livelihoods in the state, assessing the occupational health risks faced by farmers is crucial for promoting their well-being and productivity. The key objective of the study is to identify, categorize, and analysed the types and prevalence of occupational health hazards encountered by rural farmers in traditional agricultural settings. This study is highly significant to the rural farmers as it will aid in identifying the specific health risks they face in their daily farming activities and create awareness about safe agricultural practices. The mixed-methods research design was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through structured surveys and in-depth interviews conducted among a representative sample of rural farmers across six local government areas in Cross River State, which included; Akpabuyo, Biase, Yakurr, Etung, Ogoja and Obanliku LGAs. The survey questionnaire and interview guide were designed to capture information on the types of agricultural activities practiced, perceived health hazards, and associated risk factors. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including frequency distributions, chi-square tests, and thematic analysis of qualitative data. The findings indicated that the major types of agricultural activities in the sampled local government areas were crop cultivation, livestock rearing, poultry farming, fisheries/aquaculture and agroforestry. The study result also revealed a wide range of occupational health hazards among rural farmers, including pesticide exposure, ergonomic strains, and respiratory illnesses. These hazards were found to have significant implications for farmers' health, livelihoods, and productivity. In conclusion, the study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy measures to mitigate occupational health risks among rural farmers in Cross River State. Recommendations include implementing safety training programs, providing access to personal protective equipment, and strengthening healthcare services in rural areas.