A Comparative Analysis of Health Locus of Control, Impulsivity, and Self-Efficacy in Adults with Type I and Type II Diabetes

This study investigates differences in health locus of control (HLOC), impulsivity, and self efficacy among adults with type I and type II diabetes and explores how these psychological constructs influence health-related behaviors. Specifically, it examines the relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes management, as well as the extent to which individuals perceive control over their health to be internal or external. The study also considers the role of support from others, such as healthcare providers and family members, in managing diabetes. Data were collected from 200 diabetic adults (both male and female) using self-report questionnaires administered at private and government hospitals in Haripur, Pakistan. A cross sectional design was employed, and data were analysed using frequency analysis, correlation, and independent samples t-tests. Results revealed significant positive correlations between HLOC and impulsivity (r= .160, p< .05) and impulsivity with general self-efficacy ((r = .390, p > .05). Female participants scored higher on HLOC (M=62.80, SD = 12.31) as compared to males (M = 58.68, SD = 11.36). While impulsivity and external HLOC showed small effect sizes, these differences were not statistically significant. Notably, adults with type II diabetes exhibited significantly higher internal HLOC scores than those with type I diabetes, with no significant differences found in impulsivity or self-efficacy between the two groups. These findings may inform healthcare professionals and policymakers in designing tailored interventions to improve diabetes management. Practical implications suggest that female diabetic adults may be more impulsive than males, highlighting a potential need for gender-sensitive behavioural support strategies.