Grey Situation Decision Method Based on Improved Whitening Function to Identify Water Inrush Sources in the Whole Cycle of Coal Mining

This study proposes a comprehensive model for identifying mine water inrush sources in coal mines throughout the full mining cycle, utilizing an improved whitening function and the CRITIC-weighted grey situational decision method. Traditional water source identification methods often fail to account for the dynamic changes in water sources during the mining process, which can be influenced by geological and hydrological conditions. The model integrates an exponential whitening function with the CRITIC weighting approach to address the high variability and correlations between variables. Through the analysis of 244 groundwater samples from the Sunan mining area, the model demonstrated significant improvements in accuracy across different mining stages. The results showed overall classification accuracies exceeding 85%, indicating the model’s effectiveness in providing real-time early warnings for water hazards. This model not only optimizes traditional methods but also offers a robust tool for dynamic water source identification, thereby supporting safer and more efficient coal mining operations.