Theoretical Connotation and Measurement Indicator System of Ecological Green Development Level in China

Amidst escalating global environmental challenges, ecological development has become crucial for sustaining human well-being and planetary health. China, with its ambitious ecological civilization agenda, is at the forefront of this transition. This paper calculated the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) for China from 2005 to 2020 and employed the Dagum Gini coefficient to analyze regional ecological disparities. Results show that GEP grew steadily from CNY 47.17 trillion in 2005 to CNY 74.40 trillion in 2020, but this growth lagged behind GDP expansion. Regulation Services, though dominant, exhibited the slowest growth, hindering full realization of ecological product values. Regional disparities were prominent, with the western region having higher GEP but lower per unit area value, indicating inefficiencies in value realization. Eastern regions excelled in material and Cultural Services but had lower regulation service values. These findings underscore the need for balanced ecological development policies that enhance ecosystem regulation, reduce regional inequalities, and optimize ecological product value realization for sustainable growth.