Digital Business Model Innovation in Complex Environments: A Knowledge System Perspective

Digital technologies are reshaping how firms create, deliver, and capture value, prompting growing interest in digital business model innovation (DBMI). Despite increasing scholarly attention, the existing research remains fragmented and often assumes stable environments, limiting its applicability in today’s complex and dynamic contexts. To address this gap, this study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to gather and critically synthesize the fragmented and evolving body of knowledge on DBMI. The review identifies key research perspectives, highlights their underlying assumptions, and reveals the limitations in addressing environmental and knowledge complexity. In response, the paper introduces the knowledge system perspective (KSP) as a novel lens that views DBMI as a knowledge-driven, adaptive process. This perspective advances the DBMI literature by integrating knowledge dynamics and contextual complexity, offering a more robust understanding of how firms navigate digital transformation. The study concludes by outlining future research opportunities and providing practical implications for managing DBMI in turbulent environments.