Enhancing Mead Aroma Using Non-Saccharomyces Yeast β-Glucosidase Producers Isolated from Honey: A Case Study in the Upper Turi Region

The Upper Turi region in the Maranhão Amazon is a significant producer of honeybees, and mead production represents a cost-effective means of adding value to the honey production chain. This study investigates non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from honey as β-glucosidase producers to enhance the mead aroma. Sixty-five honey samples from the Upper Turi in Maranhão underwent yeast screening. Biochemical tests identified isolated yeasts, and β-glucosidase-producing strains were selected via esculin agar. Meads were produced using selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentation analyses included pH, °Brix, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and volatile compounds (GC-MS). Thirty-six yeasts were isolated, with three identified as β-glucosidase producers. Strain 20 (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) was selected for mead production due to its fermentative capacity, tolerance to pH and ethanol, and its ability to produce β-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes the glycosidic precursors in honey. During alcoholic fermentation, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera exhibited lower fermentative potential compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reducing only 3.7% of the initial soluble solids (°Brix). The pH and temperature remained relatively stable throughout the fermentation for both yeast strains. The levels of dissolved oxygen and conductivity in the fermented mead were higher for S. cerevisiae than for Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Specifically, S. cerevisiae showed reductions of 52.85% in dissolved oxygen and conductivity of 1115 µS/cm, while Saccharomycopsis fibuligera exhibited reductions of 33.0% in dissolved oxygen and conductivity of 511 µS/cm. Although the β-glucosidase-producing yeast yielded a mead with a low ethanol concentration, it contributes a unique fruity compound (ethyl hexanoate) and avoids high acetic acid production, providing a distinct aromatic profile that can be explored.