Laccase-Catalyzed Polymerized Natural Bioactives for Enhanced Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibition

Skin hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma, are linked to excessive melanin production, primarily regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase (TYR). While current inhibitors like kojic acid (KA) are effective, they often cause adverse side effects, driving the search for safer andnatural alternatives. This study evaluated the TYR inhibitory potential of bioactive-rich extracts from acorn, cocoa, cork, and eucalyptus, extracted using hydroethanolic (HE) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), and explored the enhancement of their bioactivity through laccase-assisted polymerization. NADES significantly improved extraction yields and preserved bioactive compounds, with cocoa extracts showing the highest TYR inhibition. Laccase-mediated polymerization further enhanced TYR inhibitory activity, particularly of NADES extracts, suggesting a more effective and sustainable approach for skincare applications. The results highlight the potential of combining green chemistry principles with enzymatic catalysis to develop eco-friendly and efficient treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders, offering a promising alternative to conventional methods.