Transient HIV Viremia in a Brazilian Woman—A Case of Exposure but Noninfection

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, care, and treatment programs have been implemented across numerous low- and middle-income countries globally. Since 1996, the Brazilian government has made a strong and sustained commitment to guaranteeing universal access to combination antiretroviral therapy, ensuring that all individuals living with HIV have equitable access to life-saving treatment, regardless of socioeconomic status or geographic location. Intriguingly, some individuals remain uninfected despite repeated exposures, and understanding this phenomenon is crucial when considering new prevention strategies or perhaps vaccine development. In the Nairobi cohort, for example, certain female sex workers remain HIV-seronegative despite frequent contact with the virus.