Multi-frequency GNSS monitoring and analysing the Ionospheric scintillation effects for L-band SAR

Need to study the Ionospheric effects on L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is critical for remote sensing applications. Ionosphere could cause complete deterioration of the SAR image reconstruction which disables its applicability. One of the predominant effects occurs due to the small-scale ionospheric irregularities that pertain in the layers of the Ionosphere is termed as Ionospheric scintillation. The geomagnetic field-aligned nature of those irregularities creates oriented azimuthal stripes in the SAR amplitude and phase information accordingly. The idea is to analyze the stochastic phase contribution due to ionosphere using the high sampling raw GNSS signals to generate a two-dimensional phase realization accordingly with the ALOS-2/PALSAR and discuss some of the possibilities for the ionosphere free SAR image strategies.