Jian’er Qiangshen ointment treating bronchial asthma by inhibiting lung inflammation and regulating intestinal microbiota

Through network pharmacology and 16S rRNA sequencing, JEQS ointment was found to alleviate asthma-related inflammatory responses and improve asthma symptoms via multi-target mechanisms and modulation of intestinal microbiota. Network pharmacology revealed 28 effective components in JEQS for asthma treatment, with α-linolenic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, inosine, linoleic acid, and amygdalin as primary active constituents. One hundred core targets were identified, including AKT1, IL-6, ALB, TNF, and MAPK3. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated increased proportions of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria following JEQS treatment. Probiotics such as Clostridium, Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Candidatus Saccharimonas became dominant microbiota.