Social determinants and risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among urban population in Nepal: A comparative study of poor, middle and rich wealth categories of urban population using STEPS survey

The findings indicate significant disparities in education, employment, and lifestyle habits across wealth groups; urban poor lacked education and employment. Factors such as ecological region, province, gender and age were associated with an increased risk of various health conditions such as being overweight, pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. Improved health outcomes among urban populations interventions targeting increased access to education, additional investment in specific areas where outcomes are worst, and interventions to improve equitable access to healthcare are needed.