A Qualitative Double Perspective Investigation of Sexual Orientation Change Efforts Among Homosexual Individuals in Tunisia

Despite the condemnation of the major medical and psychological institutions, which warn of the significant harm associated with sexual orientation change efforts, these practices persist in certain countries. This study investigates the methods and justifications behind sexual orientation change efforts in Tunisia, a country where homosexuality remains stigmatized and criminalized. Qualitative research based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews was conducted. The study included 32 participants-including both mental health professionals and gay individuals. Reflexive thematic analysis assisted by MAXQDA Pro software was performed to analyze the data. Reflexivity was maintained throughout the research diary and peer debriefing amongst the diverse research team to enhance the objectivity. The thematic analysis originated three major themes: (1) the conversion demand, (2) the different representations of homosexuality and the conversion efforts, and (3) the psychosocial consequences of these practices. The study emphasized the harmful effects of conversion practices, which are fueled by representations of homosexuality based on homophobic beliefs, and highlighted the importance of fostering a collective understanding based on scientific facts to address such practices.