Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Benefits

Introduction and Purpose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive cure. This article explores the impact of physical exercise on AD risk reduction and disease progression, emphasizing its molecular, cognitive, and physiological benefits. Materials and Methods A comprehensive review of recent studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of various exercise modalities on AD-related pathophysiology, cognitive decline, and neuroprotection. Results Findings indicate that regular physical activity is associated with a 33% lower risk of developing AD. Exercise interventions lasting over 16 weeks significantly improve cognitive function, as measured by MMSE and ADL scores. Mechanistically, exercise enhances BDNF levels, promotes Aβ clearance, reduces tau pathology, mitigates neuroinflammation, and improves cerebrovascular health. Conclusion Physical exercise is a cost-effective, non-invasive intervention for AD prevention and management. Future research should focus on optimizing individualized exercise protocols and leveraging digital health technologies for long-term adherence and effectiveness.