The State of The Art in Logistics

Objective: The objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of logistics as a strategic component of business management, highlighting the transformations from its military origins to the emerging concepts of Logistics 4.0 and 5.0, with an emphasis on automation, reverse logistics, and cost reduction. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical basis includes authors who address the “state of the art” of logistics, such as Christopher (2016) and Ballou (2020), as well as contemporary discussions on disruptive technologies applied to the supply chain, such as RFID, IoT, and Artificial Intelligence, consolidating logistics as a strategic axis since the 1950s. Method: The research adopts a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, aiming to map the main transformations, trends, challenges, and good practices in the logistics area. An illustrative case study is also included. Results and Discussion: The analysis highlights a paradigm shift in contemporary logistics, with emphasis on the study of the Dabbawalas of Mumbai, an example of logistics efficiency without the intensive use of technology. The data reinforce the need to adapt to digital innovations and sustainability as a competitive advantage. Research Implications: The research provides support for strategic decisions in logistics management, suggesting paths for greater operational efficiency and sustainability in global and local supply chains. Originality/Value: The article contributes to the field by bringing together classical theory and emerging practices, articulating tradition and innovation in a rapidly changing logistics scenario.