CXCR4-Targeted Imaging in Takayasu Arteritis Using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT

We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with Takayasu arteritis who underwent chemokine receptor CXCR4-targeted whole-body 68 Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for further evaluation of disease activity and exclusion of concurrent inflammatory diseases. 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET demonstrated CXCR4-positive inflammatory cell infiltrates in the aortic wall, and active disease was further confirmed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. Moreover, 68 Ga-Pentixafor identified a CXCR4-positive pelvic bone lesion, and the patient was subsequently diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CXCR4-targeted 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET is useful for the detection of active inflammation in Takayasu arteritis, and to detect neoplastic disease in this cohort with increased risk of malignancy.