The Challenges of Ergonomics in Handling Loads in Industry 4.0 and 5.0

Objective: This study investigates the ergonomic challenges related to load handling in industrial environments within the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, aiming to understand how emerging technologies can be integrated into ergonomic practices to promote safer, more efficient, and sustainable work environments. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on concepts of physical and organizational ergonomics, as well as the use of assistive technologies such as exoskeletons, wearable sensors, and monitoring systems. It also considers the transformations driven by automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things in Industry 4.0, along with the human-centered and personalized principles of Industry 5.0. Method: This is a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA protocol. Specific keywords were used in the Scielo, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, resulting in 281 articles. After filtering, 19 articles composed the final portfolio. Results and Discussion: Emerging ergonomic technologies, such as exoskeletons and IMU sensors, show potential to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. However, their effectiveness depends on factors such as customization and integration with good management practices. The discussion highlights the need for proactive, data-driven solutions. Research Implications: The results emphasize the importance of adaptive technologies, revised training practices, and intelligent systems applied to occupational health, productivity, and sustainability. Originality/Value: This study contributes by integrating ergonomics and technologies from Industry 4.0 and 5.0, offering evidence-based strategies to address ergonomic challenges in contemporary industrial contexts.