IMUNOTERAPIA POR RECEPTORES DE ANTÍGENOS QUIMÉRICOS NO TRATAMENTO ONCOLÓGICO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy (ICA) through Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) has shown great efficacy in the oncological area, especially in malignancies of the hematopoietic system. However, there are still some limitations to be resolved, such as a better understanding of the adverse effects of therapy, the efficacy of this treatment for solid tumors and efficacy for heterogeneous cancers. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the current contributions and future prospects of chimeric antigen receptor immunotherapy in the oncology field. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative analysis. The databases used to search for the articles were: Nature, The Lancet and PubMed; a total of 6273 articles were found using the descriptors: ”CAR-T Cell Therapy OR CAR NK Cell Therapy AND Remission Induction”; ”Adoptive Cell Therapy OR Immunotherapy AND CAR-T Cell AND Future Directions” with some criteria from the PRISMA2020 flowchart being used, and Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA) being used to form the units of meaning in the data analysis. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were selected over a 5-year period. DISCUSSION: It was found that CAR-T cells promote partial and/or total remissions of hematological malignancies and are more effective in homogeneous cancers, while CAR-NK cells, in addition to these therapeutic properties, are better at infiltrating the microenvironment of solid tumors. CONCLUSION: CAR immunotherapy shows great potential for achieving remission in numerous types of cancer, as it has already demonstrated in its applications around the world. However, some limitations still need to be overcome, such as: a better general understanding of the adverse effects (neurotoxic syndromes) that it can present, and the development of multisignaling CARs, in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment in heterogeneous cancers. Keywords: Adoptive Immunotherapy; Chimeric Antigen Receptors; Clinical Oncology