Gluon skewed generalized parton distributions of proton from a light-front Hamiltonian approach

We calculate all leading-twist gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) inside the proton at nonzero skewness using the basis light-front quantization framework. The proton's light-front wave functions are derived from a light-front quantized Hamiltonian incorporating Quantum Chromodynamics inputs. Our study includes the valence Fock sector with three constituent quarks and an additional Fock sector, consisting of three quarks and a dynamical gluon. Due to this Fock space truncation, the gluon GPDs vanish in the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage region, and we focus solely on the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi region. Our results show that the qualitative behaviors of the GPDs are consistent with those from other theoretical calculations. Additionally, we analyze the GPDs in the boost-invariant longitudinal coordinate, σ = 1 2 b − P + , which serves as the Fourier conjugate of the skewness. The GPDs in σ -space exhibit diffraction patterns, reminiscent of optical wave diffraction.