Biomass bilayer membranes with an asymmetric structure to promote a tendon–bone interface healing mechanism

Biologically, tendon-bone interface healing needs to overcome two problems: tendon dislocation and scar tissue proliferation at the interface. Because of the above problems, we proposed a bone tunnel membrane to aid tendon-bone interface healing. This study aims to explore the effects of absorbable membranes with different surface morphologies on tendon-bone interface healing. At the tendon-bone interface, the tendon graft was wrapped with a bilayer flexible absorbable membrane and implanted into the bone tunnel. Using the micron topological structure on the surface of the membrane to accelerate tendon healing and osteogenic differentiation provides environmental support for the healing of the two tissue interfaces. The different topological structures on the surface of the material can promote the oriented differentiation of cells. The micron groove structure can arrange fibroblasts according to orientation, promote tendon bundle healing, change cell morphology, and secrete tendon specific proteins to promote tendon repair. The porous structure can promote cell osteogenic differentiation and accelerate bone integration. After <i>in vivo</i> experimental analysis, the material is suitable for the adjuvant treatment of tendon-bone healing. Therefore, this study provides a new treatment idea for accelerating tendon-to-bone healing.