Challenges and Legislative Responses to Privacy Protection in the Digital Age

In the digital age, the right to privacy faces more severe threats, which are reflected in the diversification of privacy infringement methods, the control of personal privacy by platforms and the associated risk of data breaches, and the increasing frequency of privacy violations. Currently, China has not established dedicated legislation for privacy protection; instead, there are scattered provisions in certain laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, and rules. The challenges in privacy protection are mainly reflected in the following aspects: incomplete legislation, difficulty in identifying privacy infringements, the exacerbation of privacy violations due to the imbalance of power between platforms and individuals, and insufficient legal remedies. In the digital age, privacy protection should be strengthened in three key areas: first, improving privacy protection legislation; second, establishing mandatory information disclosure obligations for businesses; and third, enhancing legal remedies for users.