Retrospective analysis of prognostic factors after traumatic brain injury surgery

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common critical conditions in neurosurgery. Multiple factors affect the prognosis, and understanding these prognostic factors is key to enhancing patient outcomes. To analyze the factors influencing the postoperative prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury and to guide clinical treatment. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 276 patients who underwent surgical treatment for traumatic brain injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Collected data included age, gender, admission GCS score, pupillary response, type of injury, timing of surgery, and complications. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to determine prognosis at discharge, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. In 276 cases with valid data, there were good outcomes (GOS 4-5) in 158 cases (57.2%), while poor outcomes (GOS 1-3) occurred in 118 cases (42.8%). The multivariate analysis indicated that age (OR=1.832, 95%CI: 1.253-2.676), admission GCS score (OR=0.756, 95%CI: 0.634-0.901), pupillary abnormalities (OR=2.453, 95%CI: 1.564-3.847), timing of surgery (OR=1.987, 95%CI: 1.342-2.943), and complications (OR=2.234, 95%CI: 1.456-3.428) were independent factors that adversely affected prognosis (P < 0.05). Many factors are correlated with the prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients. Problems such as advanced age, low GCS score, pupillary abnormalities, delayed surgery and complications are independent risk factors for poor prognosis. From a clinical point of view, these risks are worth addressing, and measures like timely surgical management and prevention of complications should be utilized to improve outcomes in patients.