[Expert consensus on the comprehensive management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma in China (2025)].

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most common type of plasma cell disorder, characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, a mild increase in monoclonal protein (M protein), and no organ damage. Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a plasma cell disease that lies between MGUS and active multiple myeloma (AMM), featuring elevated levels of M protein in the plasma and increased plasma cell infiltration in the bone marrow, but without typical clinical manifestations. SMM is considered as a precursor state to AMM. This consensus was jointly developed by the Plasma Cell Disease Group, Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Myeloma Committee-Chinese Hematology Association, covering the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, testing and examination, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and patient management strategies for MGUS and SMM. The consensus aims to provide standardized guidance for the comprehensive management of MGUS and SMM, ensuring timely monitoring of disease progression and intervention at the appropriate time to improve the quality of life and survival rates of patients.