Human-Wildlife Conflict and Management with Special Reference to India

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) represents one of the most pressing conservation and socio-economic issues globally, with profound ecological and livelihood implications. In India, the intersection of dense human populations and high biodiversity exacerbates such conflicts, often leading to loss of life, damage to property, and declines in wildlife populations. This review explores the causes, manifestations, and impacts of HWC with a focus on the Indian context. It also outlines current management practices, legal frameworks, and technological interventions, while proposing future strategies for sustainable coexistence. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary and community-inclusive approach, the paper highlights the urgency of integrating conservation science with human development.