“To care and improve little by little, that's how we can do it”: Exploring Indigenous perspectives on environmental health and community solutions through participatory workshops in Amantaní, Peru

This study explores the conceptualisation of environmental health, environmental concerns, and ideas for change within the Amantaní community, an Indigenous Quechua-speaking population in the Peruvian Andes. Through participatory, group-based, and creative activities, community members engaged in reflective discussions about their environment, drawing upon their rich cultural heritage and intimate connection with the land. Thematic analysis of workshop discussions revealed three key themes: (1) Nature, health, and heritage: the interconnectedness of Indigenous wellbeing; (2) Environmental concerns: threats to Indigenous lands and livelihoods; and (3) Community mobilisation and solutions: Indigenous responses to environmental challenges. The findings underscore the importance of culturally informed approaches to environmental conservation, emphasising the need for inclusive governance that respects Indigenous autonomy. The study highlights the value of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in fostering resilience, the pressing challenges posed by tourism, and the emotional toll of environmental degradation. Mental health co-benefits should be integrated into climate strategies in Indigenous communities and fostering community agency through inclusive partnerships is crucial for long-term sustainable development and resilience. • Indigenous knowledge links environment, health, and identity on Amantaní Island. • Climate solutions must integrate traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and mental health. • Environmental risks, including tourism waste, threaten Indigenous lands and livelihoods. • Inclusive governance is vital for resilience and sustainable Indigenous development. • Community-led solutions blend TEK with modern approaches for environmental health.