Time‐Restricted Feeding Promotes Longevity and Gut Health Without Fitness Trade‐Offs

Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a dietary intervention involving daily fasting periods, has been associated with metabolic benefits; however, its long-term physiological impact remains unclear. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, we investigated the effects of a 16:8 TRF regimen on lifespan, reproductive output, gut health, and microbiota composition. TRF significantly extended lifespan, even when applied only during early adulthood. Notably, this longevity benefit occurred without compromising reproductive fitness, as measured by female fecundity in life's most crucial reproductive phase. TRF promoted gut homeostasis in aged flies by reducing intestinal stem cell proliferation and enhancing epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, TRF induced a shift in microbiota composition, increasing the prevalence of gram-negative bacterial taxa. These results show that even short-term TRF interventions at a young age can have long-term physiological benefits. Metabolic reprogramming or increased autophagy are the most likely mechanisms mediating the health-promoting effects of this type of nutritional intervention. TRF is an effective, non-invasive strategy for promoting healthy longevity without significant adverse effects on other aspects of life.