Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Smartwatches as Health Devices using Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Modern technology places a wealth of information at users' fingertips, including health monitoring capabilities through wearable devices such as smartwatches. Smartwatches offer various benefits for human health, such as monitoring heart rate, pulse rate, blood oxygen levels, physical activity reminders, stress levels, sleep analysis, daily step counts and function as digital medical records. This device plays an important role in detecting serious health conditions, such as atrial fibrillation and sleep disorders, by providing early warnings to users to seek medical care immediately. While smartwatches have empowered individuals to be proactive in maintaining health, they also present new challenges, concerns have arisen regarding potential cybersecurity threats related to user privacy and data security. This study aims to identify threats and vulnerabilities associated with the use of smartwatches and assess the risks arising from these vulnerabilities. An in-depth literature review of cyber attack threats and vulnerabilities in the use of smart watches. In addition, this study also proposes mitigation strategies that can be applied to reduce these risks, including improving security protocols and educating users about potential dangers. Thus, this study makes an important contribution to understanding the complexity of risks associated with smartwatch use and provides practical recommendations to mitigate possible negative impacts.